16,565 research outputs found
Coherent generation of the terrestrial kilometric radiation by nonlinear beatings between electrostatic waves
The propagation of electrostatic plasma waves in an inhomogeneous and magnetized plasma was studied. These waves, which are driven unstable by auroral beams of electrons, are shown to suffer a further geometrical amplification while they propagate towards resonances. Simultaneously, their group velocities tend to be aligned with the geomagnetic field. It is shown that the electrostatic energy tends to accumulate at, or near omega sub LH and omega sub UH, the local lower and upper hybrid frequencies. Due to this process, large amplitude electrostatic waves with very narrow spectra are observed near these frequencies at any place along the auroral field lines where intense beam driven instability takes place. These intense quasi-monochromatic electrostatic waves are shown to give rise to an intense electromagnetic radiation. Depending upon the ratio omega sub pe/omega sub ce between the electron plasma frequency and the electron gyro-frequency the electromagnetic wave can be radiated in the ordinary mode (at omega sub UH), or in the extraordinary (at 2 omega sub UH). As the ratio omega sub pe/omega sub ce tends to be rather small, it is shown that the most intense radiation should be boserved at 2 omega sub UH in the extraordinary mode
Dynamical behavior of a complex fluid near an out-of-equilibrium transition: approaching simple rheological chaos
We report here an extensive study of sustained oscillations of the viscosity
of a complex fluid near an out-of-equilibrium transition. Using well defined
protocols, we perform rheological measurements of the onion texture near a
layering transition in a Couette flow. This complex fluid exhibits sustained
oscillations of the viscosity, on a large time scale (500s) at controlled
stress. These oscillations are directly correlated to an oscillating
microstrutural change of the texture of the fluid. We observe a great diversity
of dynamical behavior and we show that there is a coupling with spatial effects
in the gradient v direction. This is in agreement with a carefull analysis of
the temporal series of the viscosity with the dynamical system theory. This
analysis indicates that the observed dynamical responses do not strictly
correspond to 3-dimensional chaotic states, probably because some
spatio-temporal effects are present and are likely to play an important role.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev.
Dynamic exponent in Extremal models of Pinning
The depinning transition of a front moving in a time-independent random
potential is studied. The temporal development of the overall roughness w(L,t)
of an initially flat front, , is the classical means to
have access to the dynamic exponent. However, in the case of front propagation
in quenched disorder via extremal dynamics, we show that the initial increase
in front roughness implies an extra dependence over the system size which comes
from the fact that the activity is essentially localized in a narrow region of
space. We propose an analytic expression for the exponent and confirm
this for different models (crack front propagation, Edwards-Wilkinson model in
a quenched noise, ...).Comment: RevTex, 3 figures .ep
On quantization of quadratic Poisson structures
Any classical r-matrix on the Lie algebra of linear operators on a real
vector space V gives rise to a quadratic Poisson structure on V which admits a
deformation quantization stemming from the construction of V. Drinfel'd. We
exhibit in this article an example of quadratic Poisson structure which does
not arise this way.Comment: Submitted to Comm. Math. Phys. Version 2 : error in introduction
correcte
Turbulent-like fluctuations in quasistatic flow of granular media
We analyze particle velocity fluctuations in a simulated granular system
subjected to homogeneous quasistatic shearing. We show that these fluctuations
share the following scaling characteristics of fluid turbulence in spite of
their different physical origins: 1) Scale-dependent probability distribution
with non-Guassian broadening at small time scales; 2) Power-law spectrum,
reflecting long-range correlations and the self-affine nature of the
fluctuations; 3) Superdiffusion with respect to the mean background flow
Breakdown patterns in Branly's coheror
We use thermal imaging of Joule heating to see for the first time electrical
conducting paths created by the so-called Branly effect in a two-dimensional
metallic granular medium (aluminium). Multiple breakdowns are shown to occur
when the medium is submitted to high voltage increases (more than 500 V) with
rise times close to one hundred of microseconds.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, related informations at
http://chemphys.weizmann.ac.il/~damien/index.htm
Genomic analysis of NAC transcription factors in banana (Musa acuminata) and definition of NAC orthologous groups for monocots and dicots
Identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying tolerance to abiotic stresses is important in crop breeding. A comprehensive understanding of the gene families associated with drought tolerance is therefore highly relevant. NAC transcription factors form a large plant-specific gene family involved in the regulation of tissue development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The main goal of this study was to set up a framework of orthologous groups determined by an expert sequence comparison of NAC genes from both monocots and dicots. In order to clarify the orthologous relationships among NAC genes of different species, we performed an in-depth comparative study of four divergent taxa, in dicots and monocots, whose genomes have already been completely sequenced: Arabidopsis thaliana, Vitis vinifera, Musa acuminata and Oryza sativa. Due to independent evolution, NAC copy number is highly variable in these plant genomes. Based on an expert NAC sequence comparison, we propose forty orthologous groups of NAC sequences that were probably derived from an ancestor gene present in the most recent common ancestor of dicots and monocots. These orthologous groups provide a curated resource for large-scale protein sequence annotation of NAC transcription factors. The established orthology relationships also provide a useful reference for NAC function studies in newly sequenced genomes such as M. acuminata and other plant species
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